A monsoon is a seasonal shift in the direction the prevailing winds, often known as the strongest winds, blow in a particular location. A significant portion of the tropics experiences alternating rainy and dry seasons due to the influence of monsoons. The Indian Ocean is typically thought of when one thinks about monsoons.
The monsoon winds always go from colder to warmer locations. The climate in much of India and Southeast Asia is determined by the summer monsoon and the winter monsoon, respectively.
The summer monsoon is characterised by periods of intense precipitation. It typically takes place between the months of April and September. At the conclusion of winter, warm air that is rich with moisture comes in from the southwest corner of the Indian Ocean toward nations such as India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. These regions experience a very muggy temperature and deluges of precipitation as a result of the summer monsoon.
The monsoon that occurs during the winter months in the Indian Ocean is not as well-known as the monsoon that occurs during the summer months when it rains. The winds of the dry winter monsoon come from the direction of the northeast. These winds have their origins in the atmosphere over Mongolia and the far western part of China.
Because of the Himalaya Mountains, the winter monsoons in Southeast Asia are not as strong as the summer monsoons. This is because the mountains block a significant amount of the wind and moisture brought by the monsoons from reaching the shore. The Himalayas block a significant portion of the chilly air that would otherwise reach locations like southern India and Sri Lanka, which helps to keep those regions warm throughout the year. There is a correlation between drought and the occurrence of winter monsoons.
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